PresenceAtlas

THE RESEARCH ARCHIVE / 100 RECORDS

A long history of
looking differently.

Papers, products, performances and the experiments behind them. A source-led collection of 100 retrospective research records, alongside our practical field guides.

13 interpretive field notes ↗26 practical & historical guides ↗

Existing project research, prepared 16 September 2026; brought into this design on 19 September. Historical dates are not site publication dates. Source claims and image permissions remain under editorial review.

Spatial displays001
coimages.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk · Original source · Research note
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Two flat drawings taught Wheatstone how depth is seen

Museum records of Wheatstone's mirror stereoscope and a secondary sketch of his life fix 1838 as the year binocular fusion was demonstrated as a display trick.

1838 record

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Holography003
nobelprize.org · Original source · Research note
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Gabor's 1948 paper proposed holography to fix microscopes

Nature's 1948 paper and the Nobel record show holography began as a fix for electron-microscope resolution, years before lasers existed.

15 May 1948 event

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Holography005
i.gzn.jp · Original source · Research note
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MIT's 1989 Mark I display computed a moving hologram

A 1990 SPIE citation record and a later IEEE account describe Mark I, the MIT acousto-optic display behind the first computed moving hologram.

January 1990 event

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Spatial displays006
images-eureka.patsnap.com · Original source · Research note
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Ives patented a slotted screen that split a photo per eye

US patent 725,567 and a Science Museum stereograph confirm Ives' 1903 parallax barrier, the ancestor of today's glasses-free 3D screens.

14 April 1903 event

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Spatial displays007
picclickimg.com · Original source · Research note
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A patent and a 1938 viewer confirm View-Master's fixed reel

Gruber's stereoscopic-viewer patent and a Science Museum 1938 example show why a fixed-viewpoint reel avoids the alignment problems bigger displays face.

20 January 1939 event

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Holography009
nobelprize.org · Original source · Research note
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The 1971 Nobel citation credits Gabor, not a finished field

The prize summary and Gabor's own lecture show what holography was credited for in 1971, and which problems he still listed as unsolved.

11 December 1971 event

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Reflection & projection010
archive.org · Original source · Research note
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Pepper's own 1890 memoir explains the ghost illusion's staging

Pepper's 1890 book records the double-stage glass technique, the Dircks dispute over credit, and why Victorian audiences were fooled.

1890 record

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Reflection & projection011
1101.com · Original source · Research note
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A tensioned foil scaled Pepper's ghost to concert-size stages

Two 2004 patents describe the foil, the 45-degree angle and the rigging that turned an 1862 illusion into a touring stage system.

1 April 2004 event

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Performance012
techyv.com · Original source · Research note
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Digital Domain's own filings never called Tupac's return a hologram

SEC filings describe a 'virtual' Tupac Shakur performance without naming the projection mechanism the press called a hologram.

14 April 2012 event

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Performance013
i2.wp.com · Original source · Research note
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ABBA Voyage's own producers reject the word hologram

The show's FAQ denies being a hologram performance, while ILM's credits describe an LED volume driven by capture data.

27 May 2022 event

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Reflection & projection017
images-eureka.patsnap.com · Original source · Research note
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A patent for scattering light off fog describes no solid screen

The 2004 US patent explains a laminar fog sheet that forms a flat, two-sided image with no physical screen at all.

20 November 2003 event

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Reflection & projection018
gavindesign.com · Original source · Research note
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Gauze becomes a screen only when the light behind it changes

Manufacturer documentation for stage gauze and projection textiles shows lighting, not the fabric alone, decides what an audience sees.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays019
cdn.prod.website-files.com · Original source · Research note
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A desktop light-field display trades resolution for angle

Looking Glass's own documentation describes up to 100 views across a viewing cone, not two views duplicated.

2018 record

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Spatial displays020
xyn.sony.net · Original source · Research note
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Sony's spatial display renders views for one tracked viewer

Sony's own documentation states the display supports one viewer, eye-tracked within 30 to 75 centimetres.

31 October 2020 event

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Spatial displays022
2018 research image · optical-trap prototype, not a retail product.BYU · Source · Research note
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BYU optical-trap butterfly demonstration — Nate Edwards / BYU Photo. Conditional editorial reuse terms; eligibility and intended use require owner review. Terms. Resized / WebP conversion; full frame retained. REFERENCE ONLY — NOT CLEARED FOR PRODUCTION.

A trapped particle drew images visible from every angle

A 2018 Nature paper describes a laser-trapped particle scanning full-colour images, a lab result, not a product.

25 January 2018 event

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Spatial displays024
mobile-review.com · Original source · Research note
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A patented 2001 screen design lets a room share one 3D view

Holografika's patent and site describe modules and a screen giving unlimited viewers real motion parallax.

18 May 2001 event

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Spatial displays025
patentsencyclopedia.com · Original source · Research note
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A modular panel's own patents specify a 120-degree zone

Light Field Lab's marketing pages were unreachable; its own patents state a real, specific viewing angle instead.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays026
blogger.googleusercontent.com · Original source · Research note
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A dual backlight layer lets one screen switch out of 3D

Leia Inc's own patents describe a backlight toggling between diffuse 2D light and directional 3D beams.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays027
foto.askix.com · Original source · Research note
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A spinning LED blade draws a flat image that looks solid

HYPERVSN's own pages describe a rotating-blade display; the resulting image is flat, not volumetric.

Mechanism record

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Spatial displays029
licai.sysxhz.com · Original source · Research note
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Apple Vision Pro shows the world through cameras, not glass

Apple's announcement describes passthrough video, eye tracking and an outward display standing in for see-through optics.

5 June 2023 event

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Spatial displays030
seevividly.com · Original source · Research note
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A Kickstarter campaign restarted consumer virtual reality

Cheap panels and wide lenses funded a developer kit that made head tracking and latency the real engineering problem.

1 August 2012 event

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Spatial displays031
learn.microsoft.com · Original source · Research note
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Waveguide combiners are the window into see-through headsets

A nanophotonics review frames field of view, brightness and colour uniformity as one linked design trade-off.

Mechanism record

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Spatial displays032
about.fb.com · Original source · Research note
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Meta Quest 3 built mixed reality from cameras, not lenses

The announcement describes colour passthrough replacing see-through optics, with the layer's limits set out in developer documentation.

1 June 2023 event

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Spatial displays035
about.fb.com · Original source · Research note
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Meta showed AR glasses it does not plan to sell yet

Orion demonstrates a glasses-scale waveguide but the company says it will not become a shipping product.

25 September 2024 event

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Telepresence038
mixed-news.com · Original source · Research note
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A light-field booth carried Google's Starline calls

A SIGGRAPH Asia paper and two company posts describe a head-tracked 3D display, and what changed as it became Google Beam.

18 May 2021 event

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Telepresence039
microsoft.com · Original source · Research note
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Holoportation turned a body into a live 3D stream

A 2016 paper and Microsoft's ongoing project page describe real-time 3D capture for a HoloLens viewer, with one bandwidth caveat.

March 2016 event

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Telepresence040
studios.disneyresearch.com · Original source · Research note
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Codec Avatars render a scanned face, not a live scene

Two Meta research papers describe how a photoreal avatar is built and driven, a different claim from a live volumetric feed.

Mechanism record

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Telepresence041
technologyrecord.com · Original source · Research note
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Microsoft Mesh promised photoreal selves, shipped avatars

The 2021 Mesh announcement and today's Teams documentation show an avatar platform, distinct from telepresence proper.

2 March 2021 event

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Production043
learn.microsoft.com · Original source · Research note
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A 106-camera rig captures people as 3D mesh files

Microsoft's own documentation names the studio's camera count, output formats, and the studios it has licensed.

Documentation record

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Telepresence044
substackcdn.com · Original source · Research note
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Vodafone's 2018 hologram call was seen through a headset

The company's own press release names HoloLens as the display, reframing what a 5G hologram call actually shows.

20 September 2018 event

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Reflection & projection046
image.seapx.com · Original source · Research note
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A securities filing sizes Sphere's interior and exterior LED screens

Sphere Entertainment's 10-K documents the venue's 16K interior screen and 1.2 million-LED Exosphere, not what any show looks like inside.

29 September 2023 event

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Reflection & projection047
limelightphotography.net · Original source · Research note
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teamLab Borderless closed in Odaiba and reopened in Azabudai

teamLab's own press and exhibition pages date the 2018 Tokyo opening, 2022 closure and 2024 move, but not a projector or computer count.

9 February 2024 event

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Reflection & projection048
cdn.sortiraparis.com · Original source · Research note
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A former Paris foundry became a 140-projector art space

The operator documents 140 projectors across 3,300 square metres of a converted 1835 foundry that opened in April 2018.

13 April 2018 event

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Holography049
bankofengland.co.uk · Original source · Research note
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The Bank of England's polymer fiver added a hologram in 2016

The issuer's own pages date the £5 note's hologram patch and describe its tilt effect, without naming the diffractive technology used.

13 September 2016 event

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Holography050
metamaterial.com · Original source · Research note
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The security hologram trade body kept its glossary after rebranding

IOTA, formerly the IHMA, still defines volume holograms and zero order devices for members, as its site read on 16 September 2026.

Documentation record

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Production051
kayttooh.je · Original source · Research note
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The 2014 laser safety standard classifies hazard by output power

IEC 60825-1's 2014 edition sets laser hazard classes; FDA guidance places compliance duty mainly on manufacturers, not venues.

15 May 2014 event

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Production052
libapps.s3.amazonaws.com · Original source · Research note
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The Smithsonian's own digitization office outlines its 3D programme

With the public X 3D portal unreachable during research, the Digitization Program Office's own pages document what the 3D programme scans and shares.

Documentation record

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Holography053
elbi.pl · Original source · Research note
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Photopolymer film now records holograms without wet chemistry

Bayfol and Litiholo documentation shows self-developing photopolymer has replaced silver halide for volume holograms and AR optics.

Mechanism record

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Holography054
coimages.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk · Original source · Research note
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A UK museum catalogues 901 hologram-related items online

The Science Museum Group's database records 901 hologram entries, from a 1965 laser test to a 1987 Lindow Man scan, as retrieved.

Collection record

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Spatial displays055
qph.cf2.quoracdn.net · Original source · Research note
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A barrier or a lens decides which pixels reach which eye

Ives' 1903 parallax stereogram patent and later display surveys show how a fixed screen splits a stereo pair, and what that splitting costs.

Mechanism record

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Spatial displays056
qph.cf2.quoracdn.net · Original source · Research note
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A light field is a claim about how many rays you capture

The 1996 light field rendering paper defines the function a light-field display must approximate, and what capturing it costs.

August 1996 event

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Reflection & projection058
festivalwhynot.nl · Original source · Research note
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An angled sheet of glass fixes where a ghost can be seen

A 2011 illusion patent and Pepper's own 1890 account show why the reflected image floats at one depth and vanishes from some seats.

Mechanism record

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Holography059
figures.academia-assets.com · Original source · Research note
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A 1967 hologram was calculated, not recorded from light

Lohmann and Paris computed a hologram's interference pattern with a plotter instead of photographing real interfering light.

October 1967 event

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Spatial displays063
images-eureka.patsnap.com · Original source · Research note
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A patent rotated a screen to fill a dome with light

A 2003 patent for a spinning projection screen inside a dome set the template modern swept-volume volumetric displays still use.

29 April 2003 event

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Production064
cdn.prod.website-files.com · Original source · Research note
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Depthkit turns depth cameras into playable volumetric video

Depthkit's documentation specifies which depth cameras it supports and what a capture exports for a game engine to render.

Documentation record

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Production065
redsharknews.com · Original source · Research note
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MetaHuman Creator ships digital humans as reusable rigs

Epic's documentation describes MetaHuman as a framework producing rigged photoreal humans driven by phone-captured performance.

Documentation record

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Production067
i-blog.csdnimg.cn · Original source · Research note
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Gaussian splatting rendered radiance fields in real time

The 2023 paper reached real-time frame rates by replacing a neural network with millions of renderable points.

8 August 2023 event

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Production068
devimages-cdn.apple.com · Original source · Research note
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Object Capture turns iPhone photos into ready 3D models

Apple's WWDC 2021 session and developer documentation specify photo counts, detail tiers and USDZ output.

2021 record

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Production069
alistdaily.com · Original source · Research note
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Kinect put a depth camera in millions of living rooms

Microsoft's 2010 launch release and later sensor documentation show a controller-free device that seeded volumetric research.

4 November 2010 event

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Reflection & projection070
cinephilia.net · Original source · Research note
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The Mandalorian's LED volume replaced backdrops with pixels

ILM's documentation describes camera-tracked Unreal Engine renders on an LED wall, debuted on the series in November 2019.

November 2019 event

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Production071
Original tutorial example · a multiview file, not a photograph of a display.Looking Glass · Source · Research note
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Space Nap quilt example — Jane Guan, Space Nap; tutorial published by Looking Glass. Third-party artwork within vendor documentation; permission from relevant rights holders not established. Resized / WebP conversion; full frame retained. REFERENCE ONLY — NOT CLEARED FOR PRODUCTION.

A quilt of rendered views feeds a lenticular light field

Looking Glass documentation specifies the view grid, ordering and shearing a lenticular display needs from rendered content.

Documentation record

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Production072
Manufacturer visualization · not a photograph of an object floating outside the screen.Sony / XYN · Source · Research note
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Sony's display renders two views for one tracked viewer

Developer documentation describes eye-tracked stereo rendering for a single Unity or Unreal Engine viewpoint.

Documentation record

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Production073
file.bodnara.co.kr · Original source · Research note
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An iPhone LiDAR scanner brought depth to everyday scans

Apple's 2020 announcements and ARKit documentation specify a five-metre depth sensor feeding real-time mesh reconstruction.

13 October 2020 event

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Telepresence077
engadget.com · Original source · Research note
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Zoom's immersive view composites faces onto one backdrop

Zoom's own documentation shows immersive view layers video tiles onto a backdrop, with no shared depth or parallax.

Documentation record

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Telepresence078
support.microsoft.com · Original source · Research note
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A Teams avatar is a styled photo, not a live capture

Microsoft's support pages describe a Teams avatar built once from a photo, not a live-tracked likeness, with no legs yet supported.

Documentation record

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Telepresence079
about.fb.com · Original source · Research note
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Horizon Workrooms tracked hands, not faces, in a shared room

Meta's 2021 announcement describes Horizon Workrooms as a hand-tracked shared VR room for up to 16 people, not a face-capture system.

19 August 2021 event

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Telepresence080
blog.webex.com · Original source · Research note
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Webex Hologram took years to move from pitch to hardware

Cisco's own posts trace Webex Hologram from an October 2021 announcement to a 12-camera light-field rig shipped to beta customers.

October 2021 event

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Spatial displays081
dev.mpost.io · Original source · Research note
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Google stopped selling Glass Enterprise in March 2023

Google's support notice sets exact end-of-sale and end-of-support dates for Glass Enterprise Edition, while existing units keep working.

15 March 2023 event

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Telepresence082
famouscampaigns.com · Original source · Research note
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Google's Starline paper describes a booth, not a headset

Google's publication page places the Starline peer-reviewed paper in December 2021, describing a tracked light-field booth, not a headset.

December 2021 event

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Spatial displays083
media.springernature.com · Original source · Research note
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The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire replaced ad hoc reports

A 1993 paper by Kennedy, Lane, Berbaum and Lilienthal set out a standardised way to measure simulator and headset discomfort.

July 1993 event

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Reflection & projection086
techlandbd.com · Original source · Research note
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Pixel pitch, not marketing, sets an LED wall's viewing zone

Manufacturer and AVIXA documentation ties minimum viewing distance to pixel pitch and viewing task, not one universal formula.

Documentation record

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Reflection & projection087
galiciafx.es · Original source · Research note
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Haze is a regulated fluid before it is a beam effect

ANSI standards and a fluid maker's own data sheets treat atmosphere as a safety and contrast variable.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays088
c.cdnmp.net · Original source · Research note
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A hologram fan's real hazard is the invisible blade

HYPERVSN's own installation rules set mandatory clearances a striking demo can obscure.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays089
aumovio.scene7.com · Original source · Research note
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A windshield display is a reflection trick, like Pepper's ghost

Supplier and patent documentation show the shared mechanism, without confirming production dates or eyebox figures.

Documentation record

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Holography090
photonics.com · Original source · Research note
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A multiplex hologram is built from strips of movie film

A 1969 paper and a 1980 patent document the technique; a specific 1974 artwork could not be verified.

Mechanism record

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Spatial displays091
apple.com · Original source · Research note
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A headset must be built to fit a range of eyes

Apple's documented 51-75mm IPD range and software realignment show fit is measured, not assumed.

Documentation record

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Spatial displays092
img.xjishu.com · Original source · Research note
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Lippmann's 1908 lens array proposed capturing many viewpoints

A 1908 citation and its description in later engineering literature outline Lippmann's lenslet array, the ancestor cited by today's light-field displays.

November 1908 event

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Spatial displays094
panoramaaudiovisual.com · Original source · Research note
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A 2010 Toshiba TV swapped glasses for nine parallax views

Toshiba's 2010 press release describes a lenticular glasses-free TV using nine views, not a wavefront hologram.

4 October 2010 event

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Spatial displays095
blogger.googleusercontent.com · Original source · Research note
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Google Cardboard turned any phone into a stereoscope

An open, unbranded viewer design used a phone's own screen and two lenses to reach a mass audience cheaply.

2014 record

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Telepresence096
microsoft.com · Original source · Research note
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Together Mode cut out faces and seated them in one scene

Microsoft's 2020 announcement describes segmentation into a shared background, and today's documentation shows what survived.

8 July 2020 event

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Holography097
jrholocollection.com · Original source · Research note
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One collector's hologram archive began with unsold gallery stock

Jonathan Ross's own site traces his collection to a 1978 gallery, SEE 3 (HOLOGRAMS) LTD, and names what it now catalogues.

Collection record

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Spatial displays099
images.squarespace-cdn.com · Original source · Research note
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RealD's silver screen fixed 3D cinema's ghosting problem

RealD's SEC filings date cinema 3D's single-projector polarisation system to November 2005 and later flag its own declining demand.

November 2005 event

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Spatial displays100
frontiersin.org · Original source · Research note
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Latency jitter provokes cybersickness more than steady delay

A peer-reviewed review finds irregular timing, not just longer delay, drives VR discomfort.

Mechanism record

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